positive effects of fungi.

Fungi use the decomposition process for food and, in the process, return nutrients to the soil, benefiting other living things. Fungi are the basis of many important medicines. The discovery of the antibiotic properties of the fungus penicillin changed medical history, reducing formerly serious infections such as strep to little more than minor nuisances. Some cancer drugs and the anti-rejection drug cyclosporin, which is used in organ transplant patients, come from fungi. Fermentation is another way fungi break down organic matter. In the fermentation process, yeasts break down sugars and produce a waste product. In the case of grain and grapes, the waste product is alcohol. Fermentation is also used to produce cheese. In industrial settings, fermentation also produces ethanol (alcohol used as fuel), various acids and biological detergents. Many species of mushrooms are edible and provide a food source for humans and animals. Yeast also is used in baking to make bread rise.

virtual epidemic.

Healthy,Carrier,Sick,Dead,Immune
399,1,0,0,0

To make an epidemic with a very similar profile to the current Foot and Mouth outbreak, try the 25x30 map with probabilities 20,30,80,0,0. To explore the fine balance between containment and breakout, try the UK map with 10,20,100,0,0 in the probabilities. A very slightly smaller percentage of Carrier-to-Sick (say 15) is much more dangerous! This assumes all sick animals are killed immediately.

Healthy,Carrier,Sick,Dead,Immune

89,71,92,115,33

To make an epidemic with a very similar profile to the current Foot and Mouth outbreak, try the 25x30 map with probabilities 20,30,80,0,0. To explore the fine balance between containment and breakout, try the UK map with 10,20,100,0,0 in the probabilities. A very slightly smaller percentage of Carrier-to-Sick (say 15) is much more dangerous! This assumes all sick animals are killed immediately.

 An epidemic is destructive when it is both strong and contagious when combined together. If an epidermic is contagious, it has the ability to work fast and kill it's host and move onto new host fast, killing the body quickly. If it is strong then it will be able to protect itself from being killed, but it probably won't be as contagious.

hot zone.

What fascinated me the most about hot zone is the Ebola virus. It is extremely scary how deadly this virus is. You can be infected with four to five particles of the virus. The symptoms of the virus were all superbly disgusting. Some symptoms include black vomit, eyes weeping blood, organs liquifying, kidney failure, etc.  In less than a week, you will die if you have the virus. One thing that fascinated me was the fact that such a disease like this was new and almost no one knew of it. This story also surprised me due to the fact that all of it was actually true.

how a vaccination can stop a virus.

By putting a weakened form of the disease into your body, you develop antibodies to that disease. So if you are ever exposed to the 'full strength' disease, your body already knows how to fight it. That's why some people have reactions to vaccines, they basically make you 'mildly infected'.

cell movement.

Diffusion is the process by which molecules spread from areas of high concentratiion, to areas of low concentration.
e.g: Oxygen molecules diffuse across cell membranes into cells, and carbon dioxide molecules diffuse out. Both compounds cross the phospholipid bilayer.

 Facilitated Diffusion-
Facilitated diffusion is when a molecule cannot just passively diffuse across a membrane; however, it requires a protein "carrier" and energy in the form of ATP to move across the membrane.
e.g: Glucose, sodium ions and choride ions are just a few examples of molecules and ions that must efficently get across the plasma membrane but to which the lipid bilayer of the membrane is virtually impermeable. Their transport must therefore be "facilitated" by proteins that span the membrane and provide an alternative route or bypass.

Active Transport-
Active transport is the movement of a substance against its concentration gradient (from low to high concentration). In all cells, this is usually concerned with accumulating high concentrations of molecules that the cell needs, such as ions, glucose, and amino acids. If the process uses chemical energy, such as from ATP.
e.g: Sugar molecules go into a cell. It cannot pass right through like water and oxygen so it uses active transport.

Osmosis-
Osmosis is the movement of solvent molecules through a selectively permeable membrane into a region of higher solute concentration, aiming to equalize the solute concentrations on the two sides.
e.g: Osmosis occurs on your hands in the bath. When you're in the shower too long, your hands and fingers become wrinkly.

Endocytosis-

Endocytosis is a process by which cells absorb molecules (such as proteins) by engulfing them. It is used by all cells of the body because most substances important to them are large polar molecules that cannot pass through the hydrophobic plasma or cell membrane.
e.g: Leucocytes, neutrophils, and monocytes can engulf foreign substances like bacteria.